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  INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY The term individual responsibility which is majorly used in the presidential system of government and is the direct opposite of collective responsibility means that a minister is individually   accountable for his or her personal actions and acts emanating from any part of the ministry and its public agencies. The minister therefore has both legal and political responsibility for the ministry he or she is heading. A minister appointed cannot be a member of the parliament .   The minister takes the praise and the blame for what was done by any department of the ministry. The minister must accept responsibility for the actions of the civil servant in the department either good or bad because it is presumed that they are anonymous and that their actions represents that of their ministry and he or she is expected to defend them from public criticism unless something reprehensible has being done which he disapproves of in this case,  he might...

  Contrasting the British Parliamentary system with the Nigerian Federal structure, to what extent does Ministerial Responsibility ensure accountability to government? INTRODUCTION People often elect or chose  representatives for several reasons. It includes voices in the decision that affects them, for the provisions or the creation of an enabling environment to achieve some material well-being such as food, shelter, education security and protection from violence or discrimination, recognition and respect as individual and as a community. The government on their end, due to the cumbersomeness  of this mandate will decide to appoint other individuals to be responsible for the execution of its policies in different ministries. These other appointed individuals are termed within this context the “Ministers” Quite understandable, that those set of individuals who has been directly elected by the peopleare answerable to the people from whence they derived authority to ...

 non- state actors (NGOs ) role in developing the society are numerous as evident by their impact on the social, economic, and environmental dimensions, first they influence nation- state and multinational institutions through lobbying to achieve a particular sustainable development goals, (Pacheco-Vega, 2005). they further contribute to the drafting of specific, economic, social media, technological and political resolutions and negotiations  (Wagner, 1999)., they provide the public with information to make wise economic choice in investment and in consumption, campaign against the dangers posed by human activities in the environment, for example The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is NGOs collaborating with business entities to ensure the save use of world’s forest, They are constituted to influence the dynamism of national and international politics, They have been a reliable instrument in changing political, social, and economic mindset and attitudes (Keck and Sikkink...

The Role of NGO in Sustainable Development  Economic, environmental, and social development,  securing a high standard of living for both present generation and generations to come;  and providing an enabling environment for now and generations yet unborn are considered as the greatest aspirations of every thinking society. These aspirations are the essentialities of Sustainable Development, Sustainable Development aims at providing solutions to the major problems confronting humankind, these include hunger, water scarcity, gender inequality, high death rate, injustice, climate change,  conflict, human displacement, environmental degradation, etc. The need for reconciling and integrating the economic and environmental development to better human existence can not be overemphasized, and thus several bodies unrelated to the government are also at the forefront of this reconciliation attempt, This body is generally referred to as the N...